Teaching Skills Trainees Book

📘 Teaching Skills: Trainee’s Book

1. Understanding the Learner

• Learner motivation: intrinsic vs extrinsic

• Learning styles: visual, auditory, kinesthetic

• Multiple intelligences (Gardner’s theory)

• Age and language acquisition

• Cultural and linguistic backgrounds

• Learner needs analysis

2. Lesson Planning

• Components: aims, objectives, stages, materials

• Timing and transitions

• Lesson frameworks: PPP, TTT, ESA, Task-based

• Creating engaging and coherent plans

• Adapting plans based on student response

3. Classroom Management

• Establishing rules and routines

• Seating arrangements and group dynamics

• Monitoring and managing time

• Managing disruptive behavior positively

• Teacher presence and body language

• Giving clear instructions and checking understanding

4. Teaching the Four Skills

🔹 Reading

• Skimming, scanning, intensive/extensive reading

• Pre-reading and post-reading tasks

• Question types and comprehension

🔹 Writing

• Controlled vs free writing

• Organizing paragraphs

• Writing for different purposes (emails, essays, stories)

🔹 Listening

• Top-down and bottom-up listening skills

• Predicting, listening for gist or detail

• Using audio/video in class

🔹 Speaking

• Accuracy vs fluency

• Role-plays, discussions, dialogues

• Pronunciation, stress, intonation

5. Presenting Language

• Teaching vocabulary (meaning, form, use, pronunciation)

• Teaching grammar (rules, patterns, context)

• Using concept checking questions (CCQs)

• Contextualizing new language

• Eliciting rather than explaining

6. Using Teaching Aids and Resources

• Whiteboard and boardwork skills

• Flashcards, realia, charts

• Audio and video materials

• Digital tools (PowerPoint, online platforms)

• Coursebooks and adapting materials

7. Questioning and Elicitation Techniques

• Types of questions: open, closed, display, referential

• Eliciting prior knowledge

• Encouraging student-student interaction

• Wait time and follow-up questions

8. Error Correction and Feedback

• Types of errors: slips, mistakes, fossilized errors

• When and how to correct: immediate vs delayed

• Techniques: recasting, clarification requests, reformulation

• Peer and self-correction

• Using praise and encouragement

9. Assessing and Evaluating Students

• Formative vs summative assessment

• Diagnostic, placement, and achievement tests

• Rubrics and marking criteria

• Giving effective feedback

• Encouraging learner self-assessment

10. Professional Development & Reflective Practice

• Reflecting on one’s teaching: journals, recordings

• Peer observation and feedback

• Attending workshops and webinars

• Continuous learning: reading, courses, communities of practice

• Setting personal teaching goals

11. Inclusive Teaching

• Differentiation strategies

• Supporting learners with special educational needs (SEN)

• Culturally responsive teaching

• Promoting equity and access in the classroom

12. Teaching in Different Contexts

• Large classes

• Mixed-ability groups

• Online and hybrid teaching environments

• Teaching young learners vs adults

• Exam preparation (IELTS, TOEFL, etc.)

🛠 Bonus Topics Often Included:

• Using Songs, Games, and Stories

• Teaching Pronunciation (IPA, intonation, rhythm)

• Dealing with Homework and Projects

• Using Technology in ELT (LMS, apps, smartboards)

• Team Teaching and Collaboration